| 【行業新聞】貿易戰升級，狂加25%關稅，儀器儀表產業將何去何從？ |
| 信息來源： 西安儀表制造 | 2019-05-20 點擊量： 4045 |
“家是最小國，國是千萬家……”。本周的最熱門事件非“中美貿易戰升級”莫屬了，貿易戰的升級，波及的行業和企業甚廣，一時間網友議論紛紛?？窦?5%關稅，儀器儀表產業又將何去何從？
"Home is the smallest country,country is tens of millions of families...".This week's hottest event is the"escalation of the Sino-US trade war".The escalation of the trade war has affected a wide range of industries and enterprises.For a time,netizens have been talking about it.Where will the instrument industry go if 25%tariff is imposed?
5月10起美國對2000億美元中國產品加征的關稅從10%上調至25%后，美方進一步威脅，將啟動對剩下的3250億美元中國輸美產品征稅25%的相關程序。作為反制，5月13日晚間，中國國務院關稅稅則委員會決定，自2019年6月1日0時起，對原產于美國的約600億美元進口商品提高加征關稅稅率。
Since May 10,the United States has raised its tariff on$200 billion of Chinese products from 10%to 25%.The United States has further threatened to initiate a 25%tax on the remaining$325 billion of Chinese imports to the United States.As a countermeasure,on the evening of May 13,the Tariff and Tax Commission of the State Council of China decided to raise tariff rates on imports originating in the United States of America of about$60 billion from 0:00 on June 1,2019.
其中，2493個稅目商品實施加征25%的關稅；1078個稅目商品實施加征20%的關稅；974個稅目商品實施加征10%的關稅。595個稅目商品仍實施加征5%的關稅。從具體商品品類看，5%的主要集中在化工、儀器類，10%和20%少量涉及食品類，而最高25%的征稅檔位中，農產品、食品占比較大。
Among them,2493 tax items are subject to 25%tariff,1078 tax items are subject to 20%tariff,and 974 tax items are subject to 10%tariff.Fifty-five tax items are still subject to a 5%tariff.In terms of specific commodity categories,5%are mainly concentrated in chemical industry and instruments,10%and 20%are related to food,while agricultural products and food account for a larger proportion in the highest 25%tax bracket.
由于我國的高端分析儀器嚴重依賴進口，因此加征關稅對儀器儀表的影響將是不可避免的。
As China's high-end analytical instruments rely heavily on imports,the impact of tariffs on instruments will be inevitable.
中美貿易戰對出口企業的影響
The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Export Enterprises
從中國各行業對美國出口的敏感度排序為：電子設備>機械設備>服裝制造(紡織)>金屬制品>家具>化學制品>塑料橡膠制品>食品。
The sensitivity ranking of Chinese industries to US exports is:electronic equipment>mechanical equipment>garment manufacturing(textile)>metal products>Furniture>chemical products>plastic and rubber products>food.
從事件發酵，到現在為止，并沒有聽到過多的對于儀器儀表行業的波及影響，很多公司表示，對公司的營業收入和日常經營沒有影響。同時，也會密切關注事態發展，采取有效措施維護企業利益，降低對美貿易可能的風險，并保持與投資者的溝通與交流。當然在業內也有很多企業表示，未來逐步通過產品更新換代，削弱關稅對公司成本的影響。
Event fermentation,so far,has not heard too much impact on the instrumentation industry,many companies said that the company's business income and daily operations have no impact.At the same time,we will also pay close attention to the development of the situation,take effective measures to safeguard the interests of enterprises,reduce the possible risks of trade with the United States,and maintain communication and exchanges with investors.Of course,there are also many enterprises in the industry that say that in the future,tariffs will gradually weaken the impact of corporate costs through product upgrading.
從長遠來看，在中國臺灣或東南亞擁有產能的儀器儀表生產商可能會受益，因為他們可以將訂單轉移到哪些地方以避免關稅。對于那些非中國儀器儀表制造商而言，由于中國公司向美國出售儀器儀表產品不多，并將其余產品轉向其他非美國市場，因此它們可能會繼續面臨低價競爭，而較低的價格將對儀器儀表產品的價格產生嚴重影響。
In the long run,instrumentation manufacturers with capacity in Taiwan or Southeast Asia may benefit from where they can transfer orders to avoid tariffs.For those non-Chinese instrument manufacturers,Chinese companies may continue to face low price competition because they sells few instruments to the United States and divert the rest of their products to other non-American markets.Lower prices will have a serious impact on the prices of instrument products.
中美貿易戰對市場格局的影響
The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Market Structure
早在前幾日的新聞聯播中，中國早就表明態度：不愿打，但也不怕打，必要時不得不打。硬氣的宣言，國人一一叫好。相反的，在事件的第二天，這場“仗”打得道瓊斯指數暴跌，美國民眾要為此買單，就連白宮首席經濟顧問也公開承認貿易戰將會兩敗俱損。
As early as in the news broadcast of the previous few days,China had already expressed its attitude:not willing to fight,but also not afraid to fight,if necessary,have to fight.Manifesto of rigidity,the people applaud one by one.On the contrary,on the second day of the incident,the Dow Jones index plummeted,and Americans had to pay for it.Even the chief economic adviser of the White House publicly acknowledged that the trade war would lose both ways.
而任何事情有好的一面，也有壞的一面。要知道，我國儀器儀表業的中低檔產品已具有一定的國際市場競爭力，出口量較大，但高端分析儀器嚴重依賴進口，幾乎達到100%。日趨增加的高端產品需求量，這些高端儀器還在依賴進口，這足以讓我們清醒地看到自己同美國之間巨大的技術差距以及對美國核心技術的嚴重依賴，剛過去不久的“中興事件”就是一個很好的例子。而于美國而言，美國的人工成本高，很難實現輕工業品的自給自足，還是需要從其它國家進口。所以有人公開承認貿易戰將會兩敗俱損，可以算是一個很理性的看法了。
Everything has a good side and a bad side.We should know that the medium and low-grade products of our instrument industry have a certain international market competitiveness and export volume is large,but the high-end analytical instruments rely heavily on imports,almost 100%.Increasing demand for high-end products,these high-end instruments are still dependent on imports,which is enough for us to clearly see the huge technological gap between ourselves and the United States and the serious dependence on the core technology of the United States.The recent"ZTE Event"is a good example.As far as the United States is concerned,it is difficult to achieve self-sufficiency of light industrial products because of its high labor costs.It is still necessary to import from other countries.So it's a rational view that some people openly admit that trade wars will lose and lose.
同時，中美貿易戰的升級，市場格局將面臨重新分配，關稅的增加，很多產品的成本會大大提高，用戶的購買能力可能會下降，可能會出現退而求其次，選擇其它國家的進出口商品代替，這樣一個新的貿易格局打開。當然，受美國高端分析儀器技術壟斷的沖擊，我國也會進一步突破技術的壁壘，向著更高的技術精進，早日實現高端分析儀器的自主化。
At the same time,with the escalation of the Sino-US trade war,the market structure will face redistribution,tariffs will increase,the cost of many products will be greatly increased,the purchasing power of users may decline,and the next step may be to choose Import and export commodities from other countries instead.This new trade pattern will be opened.Of course,under the impact of the monopoly of high-end analytical instruments in the United States,China will further break through the technical barriers,move towards higher technological progress,and realize the autonomy of high-end analytical instruments as soon as possible.
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